Trammell,Nordloh,Cheatam,Mahoney,Riesenman

=Mongols=

The "Pax Mongolica"
"The Pax Mongolica"
 * Refers to the period of Mongolian peace over its empire and in which the intercontinental trade flourished and the Silk Road re-opened.
 * Insights given from Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta
 * Ibn traveled with the the wife of the emperor of the golden Hoard (Oz Beg Khan), learned Mongol culture as a result
 * Marco Polo was a merchant who traveled the trade routes, went to China and discribed the urban markets which supported the idea of an urban-center trade diaspora
 * Marco wrote a book called the Travel was soon translated into several languages
 * No orginal copy has been found of the book
 * But Marco Polo is not mention in any Chinese documents during the period he apparently visited
 * Some people believe that Marco Polo got all his information from other resourses and actually might of never went to China
 * despite the Pax Mongolica merchants still had to be prepared to defend themsevles from attacks
 * the great Khan invited men to return with more information about christanity and delegation to the pope
 * Kublai khan was enchanted with Marco stories about foreign lands and he was then sent through the empire
 * Marco was also capture and thrown into jail by Geneose sailors
 * Never went in to Africa
 * Idb Battutas describes mongols ships with rigged sails wooden tanks and lockable cabins

Chingiss Kahn
Chinggis Khan
 * Born in 1162 into a powerful military tribe
 * Three generations befor his birth, Kubul Khan united the Mongols for a short period of time
 * Genghis Khan also united them by conquering the surrounding tribes and uniting them at Karakorum
 * He was infamous for his brutality
 * In 1206, the chiefs proclaimed him Chinggis Khan, "Universal Ruler"
 * Under his rule, internal fueding ended and the legal code called for high moral standards
 * His army captured Tangut and mastered weapons of siege
 * They also conquered korea and other parts of Asia but failed to conquer Japan
 * After his death, his sons continued the expansition of his rule
 * They successfully ended the Abbasid Dynasty by killing the caliph
 * Chingiss abopted chinese siege method to in war.
 * During the Chingiss empire never conquered Japan
 * The chinese population increase a littel during the mongol period

End of Mongol Empire

 * The Mongols were divided in to many warring tribes
 * Mongol control was widespread but short lived
 * At the peak of their power, the Mongol Empire controlled China, almost all of Russia, Iran, Iraq and Central Asia
 * The Empire was ruled by four different khanates that had individual control of their own branch but were limited so they couldn't completely take over
 * The people they conquered quickly became the majority and soon people began to intermarry
 * Eventually, the four khanates split up and went seperately and were forced out of their own conquests
 * The last of Chinggis's male descendants died out
 * The Ming Dynasty kicked the Mongol Dynasty rulers out
 * The Chigatia khanate was killed off by Timur the Lame
 * Finally, the Russians finished off the Golden Horde
 * By the Eighteenth century, the last Mongol state in Crimea was conquered

Plauge and Trade Routes
The Black Death
 * The Plauge(Black Death) started in the Mongol homeland as a local disease and spread across the trade routes as a result of the Mongols conquests
 * Accounts from China indicate a 50% population decrease from the years of (1200)-(1393) some of the deaths were a result of the war with the Mongols however many were also from the plauge
 * When the plauge reached farther and farther from the mongol homeland, the native peoples of those areas had no immunity to the diesease and because of this, it ravaged the places it spread to
 * Killed one third of Europes population (20 million people)

From Mongolia to Ming: Dynasty Transition
The Mongol Empire =﻿Legacies to the Present: What difference Do They make?= =Review Section= ·  Describe the Marco Polo’s life, where did he go, what happened to him, what did he do? ·  From whom did Chinggis Khan develop his methods of siege? ·  What was the major reason to why the Mongol empire was so short? ·  After the Ming dynasty was overthrown, what significantly increased? ·  The chinese ships described by Ibn Battuta had all of the following features ? ·  What were the consequences of the trade policies of the Ming dynasty ·  Chinggis was not able to conquer what couontry? ·  At its height the mongol empire was the largest empire the world has ever know? ·  What location did the Mongols attempt to conquer but never did?
 * The mongols ruled for 90 years,1279-1368,china's population plummeted. from 100 million to just alittle over 50 million. in south china the Han chinese experienced mongol rule as cruel and exploitative.
 * In 1368 the Ming dynasty had overthrew the mongols,and ruled for almost 3 centuries,until1644. Under the Ming dynasty populations had increased back again to 100 million,and even at one point reaching a population of 130 million by 1580. the population then became so big that new territories had been created with the growing populations.
 * Warfare with the mongols in the north drove the migrants south. at the height of the mongolo dynasty 90 percent of the population lived in the south.
 * The south had produced rice, cotton,and tea, 3 of china's most valuable products, these products weren't available in the northern climate of china.
 * The south also developed china's principle ports for international commerce.
 * About 1500, 75 percent lived in the south, and movement back to the north was continuing.
 * At this time the Ming also began to stop focusing on external trade and focused on the internal economy and problems
 * This is known by the account of Ibn Buttuta who descrobed the Ming dynasties prohibitation of foreigners and trade with them.
 * When the major trade routes were established, many intersected but were not connected as part of the same system, but after the year 1500 these trade routes combined and formed one large international trade route.
 * After the 1500s, Europe began to become very powerful economically and militarily and they used this power to easily conquer the unsuspecting Americas and establish an economic empire based in Europe that going into 1750 began to dominate every-other political system in the world. \
 * What happpen to 50 % of the population in china?
 * What happen to the external trades of china?

·  what was the legal code that chinggis khan developed? ·  what was the Pax Mongolica and what did it do to the empire? ·  What dynasty overthrew the Mongol empire ? ·  What was the book the Marco wrote?

**Picture citations**
//The Black Death//. N.d. //http://history.howstuffworks.com///‌//middle-ages///‌//black-death.htm//. Web. 18 Apr. 2011.

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">//Chinggis Khan//. N.d. //http://freedomforvietnam.wordpress.com///‌//category///‌//a-piece-of-history///‌//ancient-history///‌. Web. 18 Apr. 2011.

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">Highsmith, Carol. //The Pax Mongolica//. 1896. Lib of Congress, Washington D.C. //http://www.qwiki.com///‌//q///‌//#!///‌//Pax_Mongolica//. Web. 18 Apr. 2011.

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">//The Mongol Empire//. N.d. //http://pogo.lakesideschool.org///‌//history///‌//h100erussian///‌//2010///‌//11///‌//18///‌//fight-for-our-empire///‌. Web. 18 Apr. 2011.