Koziol,+Mcginnis,+Robinson,+Gueura,+Dieyleh

=**Group 4 (414-421) **=

** The "Pax Mongolica" **
//Polo traveling to the East during the Pax Mongolica//. N.d. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Apr. 2011. .
 * The Mongols established the "Pax Mongolica" for about a century.
 * This was a peace treaty that spread across the entire Mongol empire which in turn allowed trade to flourish.
 * Traders from all over were able to go through the Mongolian empire.
 * Travelers like Ibn Battuta (1304-1368) of Morocco and Marco Polo (1254-1324) of Venice.
 * Ibn Battuta commented extensively on conditions of travel and trade.
 * Marco Polo
 * **Merchant that dictated his memoirs about his travels which was later translated into several European languages.**
 * **Was put in jail after being captured in battle by Genoese sailors.**
 * **Traveled to China and Venice.**
 * Despite the Pax Mongolica, merchants still had to be prepared to defend themselves from attack.

** Chinggis (Ghengis) Khan **

 * ====Born in 1162 into a powerful and militant tribe.====
 * **Adopted Chinese siege methods.**
 * Kabul Khan united the Mongols and inspired Ghengis to unify again.
 * Started conquering other tribes and united them all at Kara Karum (his capital)
 * Skilled negotiator, infamous for brutality.
 * Boiled all other chiefs alive.
 * Sou's commanded (units depended on age)
 * Mongol Dynasty began in 1276-1368.
 * Expanded East and West.
 * Conquered Baghdad by killing the last caliph.
 * **Could not capture Japan.**
 * **The Mongols developed a new legal code which called for high moral standards.**

[[image:http://hazarainmongolia.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/chinggis-khaan.jpg width="272" height="399"]]
//Chinggis Khan//. N.d. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Apr. 2011. [].

** The End of the Mongol Empire **

 * **Rule was short because the empire was too big to control.**
 * Had ruled all of China, almost all of Russia, Iran Iraq, and Central Asia.
 * The Mongols and Turks typically converted to Islam.
 * Ruled by four separate Khanates or sub empires.
 * Each ended up becoming their own empire.
 * They were absorbed by the peoples that they conquered.
 * The Ming defeated and kicked out the Mongols.
 * Timur the Lame destroyed the Chagatai khanate.
 * Finally, the Russians finished off the Golden Horde
 * They were completely taken over by the eighteenth century.

** Plague and Trade Routes **

 * ==== Unexpected side effect of Pax Mongolica was the spread of plague called Black Death. ====
 * ==== Started in Central Asia. ====
 * ==== Confused with Bubonic plague and research says it to be different. ====
 * ==== Followed Mongols from Central Asia to China in 1331. ====
 * ==== Population went from 123 million in 1200 to 65 million in census of 1393 (main cause was plague) ====
 * ==== Along the silk routes, Mongols declined because of plague. ====
 * ==== Plague reached Crimea in 1346 when infected rats boarded ships, spreading the disease to all parts of Europe and the Near East. ====
 * ==== In five years one third of the population died. ====

Game

**Plague Video**

Mongols Virus Coloring Page

//Spread of bubonic plague in Europe//. N.d. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Apr. 2011. .

** From Mongol to Ming: Dynastic Transition **
> Could not govern their empire through war, and intermarried with other cultures.
 * The Mongols were following their tradition of supporting a variety of faiths.
 * Buddhism, Islam, Taoism, Christianity, and even Confucianism was practiced by some of the Mongols in China.
 * Buddhist monk and former boy beggar, Zhu Yuanzhang joined the rebellion, and his exceptional intelligence took him to the head of a rebel army. By 1355 the rebellion had spread through much of China
 * Zhu Yuanzhang won people to his side by giving his soldiers anything they could pillage. In 1356, Zhu Yuanzhang captured Nanjiing and made it his capital, and there he won the help of Confucian scholars who issued pronouncements for him and performed rituals in his claim of the Mandate of Heaven.
 * Four segments of the Chinggis's Empire went their own way. Mongols fought with each other and allowed rebellion to grow.
 * Finally in 1368 the Ming (Yuanzhang and his army) defeated and evicted the Mongols.
 * Timer the Lame (Timerlane) was a decendant of Chiggis Khan. He was a ruthless ruler and killed anyone in his way. He defeated Chagatai Khanate (one of the last Mongol segments.
 * Tried to re-capture the Ming Dynasty but died on his journey into a full out invasion with the Ming. With no leadership the Mongols began to deteriorate.
 * **After Mongol rule Chinese population boomed.**


 * //Zhu Yanzhang, from Buddhist//** **//rebel to Emperor.//**
 * // Zhu Yanzhang // . 14 Apr. 2011. //Www.fsmitha.com//. Frank E. Smitha, Fall 2009. Web. 15 Apr. 2011. **
 * . **

** Legacies to the Present: What Difference Do They Make? **

 * Before 1500 trading routes criss-crossed over Africa, Europe, and Asia but they were not unified.
 * Long distance trading had to travel in sections. Each section having different carriers each time. The most important long distance traders were the Muslim Arab sailors and merchants of the Indian Ocean routes and beyond to the parts of China
 * Chinese traders dominated the east asian waterways and would also sometimes sail into the Indian Ocean.
 * In the 13th century, Mongol rulers provided protection along the old silk route creating routes through central Asia.
 * The western hemisphere had two sets of regional routes (mostly unconnected with each other) one centering on Mesoamerica and on the Andes Mountains.
 * Except for voyages the American and Afro Eurasian routes remained completly separated due to the vast amount of space between them.
 * As European traders grew more powerful after 1500, they attempted to take over routes and use them to themselves.
 * They seized control over the Americas.
 * Asians were stronger and just blew them off.
 * Europe grew farther to the northwest.
 * Industrialized after 1750 due to a revolution in Europe, meaning that they just produced things from factories from their homeland.

[|Christianity]